Object Pascal Tutorial Pdf
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There are many excellent tutorials about Pascal, but this tutorial attempts to take the beginner further, into Object-Oriented Programming with Object Pascal, which is an extension to standard Pascal, offered by Turbo Pascal, Delphi and Free Pascal / Lazarus.
While systems to deal with a complex graphical user interface could be written in standard Pascal or almost any other programming language, it is much easier to use an object-oriented system, in which each graphical object on the screen can have all its properties and the procedures and functions associated with its use kept together in a common structure.
There is no need for a physician to spell out all the details and instructions every time a sample is collected; indeed, he may have very little knowledge of how the sample is processed in the lab. The details of the various processes are inherited from previous sample collections and analyses - there will be a generic plan for the whole sequence, and together we could think of the blood sample, all its documents and data, and the underlying methods, as a complex object.
An Object is a special kind of record. The record contains all the fields thatare declared in the object's definition (just like a conventional record), but now procedures and functions can be declared as if they were part of the record and are held as pointers to the methods associated with the object's type.
Furthermore, a concept of visibility is introduced: fields, procedures and functions can be declaredas public, protected or private. By default, fields and methods are public, and can be exported outside thecurrent unit. Protected fields or methods are available only to objects descended from the current ancestor object. Fields or methods that are declared private are only accessible in the current unit:their scope is limited to the implementation of the current unit.
These extensions are described in the indicated chapters of the FPC Language Reference Guide: Links to tutorial pages for each concept are included above as well. The Language Reference Guide includes syntax diagrams and further details not contained in this introductory tutorial. Of the four language features listed above, Objects and Classes form the basis of object oriented programming (OOP) in FPC and Lazarus. For those new to OOP, the Objects section includes more introductory concepts and the Classes section minimizes repetition by emphasizing the similarities and differences to the Objects syntax. In general, the Classes implementation seems to be more widely in use including Delphi Lazarus developers. Often the word "objects" is used to refer to what is actually a "class" in the Classes dialect of OOP in FPC. These documents will be worded to minimize any terminology confusion, but outside of this document, the term "object" oftentimes refers to objects created from a Class. In fact, the FPC run time library (RTL) includes a class library with a base class called TObject.
There are numerous programming languages which incorporate OOP features as extensions or the basis of their language. As such, there are many different terms for describing OO concepts. Even within FPC, some of the terminology overlaps. In general, OOP usually consists of the concept of a programming object (or information unit) which explicitly combines and encapsulates a related set of data and procedures which act on the data. This data is usually persistent during program execution but with mechanisms to reduce some of the problems inherent in declaring global variables. In addition, OOP languages enable objects to be incrementally modified and/or extended based on previously defined objects. This feature is usually referred to by the terms inheritance and polymorphism. Many OOP languages use the terms method or message referring to procedures which belong to an object. Much of the power of OOP is realized by late (run time) dynamic binding of methods rather than compile binding. This dynamic binding of methods is similar to using procedural variables and procedural parameters but with greater syntactic cohesion, encapsulation with the data it is related to and also inheritance of behavior of previously defined methods. The following wiki pages provide a starting point for discovering more about analysis, design and programming in an object orient manner.
The course will focus mostly on traditional imperative and object-oriented languages, but will also cover functional and logic programming, concurrency issues, and some aspects of scripting languages. Homework and tests will cover language issues. You will design and implement a language of your own design in a semester-long group project.
The course will focus mostly on traditional imperative andobject-oriented languages, but will also cover functional and logicprogramming, concurrency issues, and some aspects of scriptinglanguages. Homework and tests will cover language issues. You willdesign and implement a language of your own design in a semester-longgroup project. 2b1af7f3a8